{"id":1651,"date":"2022-03-22T01:46:26","date_gmt":"2022-03-22T09:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iotgallop.com\/?p=1651"},"modified":"2022-10-06T01:04:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T09:04:12","slug":"the-beginners-guide-to-rfid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iotgallop.com\/ar\/the-beginners-guide-to-rfid\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 RFID"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Many people are both curious and unfamiliar with RFID. Today, let me show you a systematic understanding of RFID. This guide is ideal for those new to RFID and who want to learn about what the technology is, how it is used, about the different types, and about the necessary tags and equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 RFID\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

RFID is an acronym for \u201cradio-frequency identification\u201d and refers to a technology whereby digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart labels (defined below) are captured by a reader via radio waves. RFID is similar to barcoding in that data from a tag or label are captured by a device that stores the data in a database. RFID, however, has several advantages over systems that use barcode asset tracking software. The most notable is that RFID tag data can be read outside the line-of-sight, whereas barcodes must be aligned with an optical scanner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How does RFID work?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio frequency waves to transfer data. Tagging items with RFID tags allows users to automatically and uniquely identify and track inventory and assets. RFID takes auto-ID technology to the next level by allowing tags to be read without a line of sight and, depending on the type of RFID, having a read range between a few centimeters to over 20+ meters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RFID has come a long way from its first application of identifying airplanes as friend or foe in World War II. Not only does the technology continue to improve year over year, but the cost of implementing and using an RFID system continues to decrease, making RFID more cost-effective and efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main features of RFID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  1. Able to Read and Write data without direct contact The RF tag can contain up to several kilobytes of rich information. All of the data required for each process (process history, inspection history, etc) can be freely stored, without the need for direct contact. This makes it possible to develop paperless sites, where the causes of production stops are reduced.<\/li>
  2. By \u201ccombining an item with its information\u201d, a highly pliable and reliable system configuration becomes possible With the technology to decentralize information, the load on higher systems is reduced. This means that system development costs can also be reduced, systems can be implemented significantly faster, and the system is much more flexible when making changes. Also, \u201cthe unification of items with their information\u201d for each process and site can make it possible to manage production\/processes and product quality without errors. And, with the latest information contained in RF tags, work can continue offline in emergencies, significantly shortening the time required to restore processes.<\/li>
  3. With the adoption of space transmission technology and protocols, highly reliable communication is made possible As opposed to barcodes which simply look for 1 or 0, advanced space transmission technologies and specialized protocols are employed for transmission through the air. 16 bits CRC is added to the information as it is transmitted. More than 18 bits of Burst errors can be detected at a ratio of 00.9985%, providing very high reliability in the transfer. Also, since there are no mechanical devices involved such as with the Raster Scan method for barcodes, the likelihood of malfunction and other problems is greatly reduced.<\/li>
  4. Reading and writing is possible without a line of sight, using electric and electromagnetic wave transmission 1., Unlike barcodes, since communication occurs by means of electric and electromagnetic waves, erroneous readings due to dirt, moisture, oil, etc are canceled out. Even if there is dust, moisture, etc., or anything other than metal between the antenna and the RF tag,. it will not affect transmission. And since the communication range is wide, there is no need for extreme positioning which can greatly reduce the time and cost of design.<\/li>
  5. Can simultaneously access information of multiple RF tags Some RFID systems are equipped with a function that allows you to simultaneously read the information of multiple RF tags existing within the transmissions area of the Reader\/Writer.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    What is the read range for RFID tag?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    There really is no such thing as a \u201ctypical\u201d RFID tag, and the read range depends on whether the tag is active or passive. Active tags broadcast a signal, so they have a much longer read range\u2014300 feet or more\u2014than passive tags. The read range of passive tags depends on many factors: the frequency of operation, the power of the reader, interference from other RF devices, and so on. In general, low-frequency and high-frequency tags are read from within three feet (1 meter) and UHF tags are read from 10 to 20 feet. Readers with phased array antennas can increase the read range of passive tags to 60 feet or more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    How much information can an RFID tag store?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    In other automatic identification technology varieties, the maximum amount of data capacity can only store 2,725 numbers. If the letter is included, the storage amount will be less. The RFID label storage capacity is 2 to the 94th power (nearly 10,000 Bytes), which completely abandons the various restrictions of the barcode so that every object in the world is different. Have a unique identifier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    But typically a tag carries no more than 2 kilobytes (KB) of data\u2014enough to store some basic information about the item it is on. Simple \u201clicense plate\u201d tags contain only a 96-bit or 128-bit serial number. The simple tags are cheaper to manufacture and are more useful for applications where the tag will be disposed of with the product packaging. The aerospace industry wants to store parts histories on high memory tags, which has led to the introduction of passive UHF tags that store 4KB or 8KB of data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    What about RFID Energy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    The active RFID tag is supplied by the built-in battery, and different tags use different quantities and shapes of batteries. The passive RFID tag is not included in the battery, and its power is obtained from the RFID reader. When passive RFID tags are close to the RFID reader, the antenna of the passive RFID tag converts the received electromagnetic wave energy into electrical energy, activates the chip in the RFID tag, and transmits the data in the RFID chip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    RFID Communication Protocol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    RFID standards and protocols are the basis of RFID chip design. At present, the common international RFID standards and protocols are ISO\/IEC 18000, ISO11784, ISO11785, ISO\/IEC 14443, ISO\/IEC 15693, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 18000-1:2008<\/a>: Information technology \u2014 Radio frequency identification for item management \u2014 Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 18000-2:2009<\/a>: Information technology \u2014 Radio frequency identification for item management \u2014 Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 18000-3:2010<\/a>: Information technology \u2014 Radio frequency identification for item management \u2014 Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 18000-4:2018<\/a>: Information technology \u2014 Radio frequency identification for item management \u2014 Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 18000-6:2013<\/a>: Information technology \u2014 Radio frequency identification for item management \u2014 Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz General<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 18000-7:2014<\/a>: Information technology \u2014 Radio frequency identification for item management \u2014 Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 14443-3:2016<\/a>: Identification cards \u2014 Contactless integrated circuit cards \u2014 Proximity cards \u2014 Part 3: Initialization and anticollision<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO\/IEC 15693-3:2019<\/a>: Cards and security devices for personal identification \u2014 Contactless vicinity objects \u2014 Part 3: Anticollision and transmission protocol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO 11784:1996<\/a>: Radio frequency identification of animals \u2014 Code structure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO 11785:1996<\/a>: Radio frequency identification of animals \u2014 Technical concept<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO 14223-1:2011<\/a>: Radiofrequency identification of animals \u2014 Advanced transponders \u2014 Part 1: Air interface<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ISO 14223-2:2010<\/a>: Radiofrequency identification of animals \u2014 Advanced transponders \u2014 Part 2: Code and command structure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    TYPES OF RFID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Within the Electromagnetic Spectrum, there are three primary frequency ranges used for RFID transmissions \u2013 Low Frequency, High Frequency, and Ultra-High Frequency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    LOW FREQUENCY<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    The Low Frequency, or LF band, is between 30 kHz and 300 kHz with long wavelengths of around 2,400 meters. Because there are multiple types of signals communicating on this band, LF RFID systems are only allowed to use the small range between 125 \u2013 134 kHz. The large wave size allows LF waves to penetrate metal and water which is unique to this frequency band.<\/p>\n\n\n\n